Arruda
Arruda dos Vinhos is a Portuguese village in the district of Lisbon, Central region and West sub-region, with 13,391 inhabitants (2011).
It is the seat of the small municipality of Arruda dos Vinhos with an area of 77.96 km² and 13,391 inhabitants (2011), subdivided into 4 parishes.
The municipality is limited to the north by the municipality of Alenquer, to the east and southeast by Vila Franca de Xira, to the south by Loures, to the west by Mafra and to the northwest by Sobral de Monte Agraço.
In the 8th century, with the Muslim conquest of the Lisbon region, Arruda dos Vinhos also came under Arab rule. Despite several discussions about the etymology of the place name Arruda, it probably comes from the Latin ruta, 'rue', with the Arabic prefix al-. The second part of the name refers to the abundance of vineyards in the region.
Arruda dos Vinhos is located in a mild valley, with fertile soils crossed by several water courses. It was formed from sedimentary materials deposited in the Cenozoic and Jurassic era belonging to the continental belt where there was volcanic activity until the end of the Upper Cretaceous, 70 million years ago.
Human occupation began very early on on the banks of the largest watercourse in the region, the Rio Grande da Pipa. The fertility of the soils and the presence of water made the place attractive for the settlement of human communities. Evidence of this occupation are the Antas da Povoação de Antas (excavated and documented by José Leite de Vasconcelos in 1898, unfortunately destroyed in the 70s), and the Castro do Sítio do Castelo, discovered by Joaquim Gonçalves in 1987.
At the time of the Roman conquest, the area where Arruda dos Vinhos is located was dominated by the Túrdulos tribe. In 61 AD, Roman rule was already absolute and remained so until the fall of the empire in 476.
There followed the invasions of the various barbarian peoples of central Europe and until 711 the territory of Arruda remained under the rule of the Visigoths, when the Muslim invasion took place, which in turn continued until the reconquest of Lisbon in 1147 by D. Afonso. Henriques.
During the Roman occupation many “villae” were established near the banks of the Rio Grande da Pipa. The fertile lands provided it and even today many of the existing farms correspond to the original “villas”.
Of the road network, only old paths remain whose identification has become impossible due to continued use for centuries. There are still some diving sources designated as Roman by the oral tradition as well as an old bridge in the parish of Cardosas called Romana. In the center of the town of Arruda, there was also a bridge of Roman origin over the Rio Grande da Pipa, having been destroyed by a flood in the 20th century (November 19, 1983), of which the rips on the banks are still visible. Its replacement was built a few dozen meters towards the mouth.
In the recent construction of the A10, a Roman oven was discovered, located close to the area where the aforementioned dolmens were located.
It is very likely that the village of Arruda dos Vinhos was founded, or at least, gained dimension during the Muslim conquest, as we are left with a street with the name "Rua da Costa do Castelo", in the highest part of the village, which can evidence the existence of a castle or manor fort.
In 1172 the village was donated to the Religious and Military Order of Santiago. It was this order that built a convent in Sítio do Vilar, approximately 4 km from the town centre. In the 13th century the Church of Nossa Senhora da Salvação, also in the center of the village, was also donated to this order, which in turn rebuilt it.
With the advance of the reconquest, the Order of Santiago moved to the area of Santos, in Lisbon, and in the 15th century we find references to a Friar João Velho, a monk of the convent of Arruda, or Mosteiro da Mata, in which Friar Álvaro would be the prior. It is likely that the aforementioned monastery is the same one that housed the order of Santiago, but it is not known why Sítio do Vilar was renamed Lugar da Mata.
In the 14th century, the dynastic crisis of 1383-1385 took place. King D. João of Castile and his army, with the objective of taking Lisbon overnight in the village. After a failed assassination attempt on the king, two Arrudans are hanged. The population with fear takes refuge in one of the caves on the slope of the Forest called Cano de Sintra. The Castilians, realizing the escape, set fire to the entrance to the cave, killing 40 residents.
In the 18th century, in 1789, following the Pombaline policy of supplying water to the populations, the Pombalino Fountain was built over an old fountain, having been restored the respective supply aqueduct, whose route begins on the slope next to Lugar da Mata and which it existed since at least the 16th century, to capture water from the source of Arca d'Água, and of which some preserved traces remain.
At the end of the 18th century, the French invasions appeared. With particular emphasis on 1810, the date of the 3rd invasion, in which the three lines of defense of Lisbon were built.
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Hugo Miguel Pereira
Arruda
Team Leader ITHLUX Arruda
With 20 years of solid and diversified experience in the transport and logistics sector, I have a consolidated knowledge of transport subcontracting, commercial responsibilities and business management. My relevant academic background includes a degree in Marketing, a postgraduate qualification in [...]
Pedro Rosa
HB Team
HB Team Member ITHLUX Arruda
I have 30 years' experience in the commercial field, underpinned by continuous training. Determined, a problem solver and an advocate of ethics and transparency.Excellent knowledge of the legal, fiscal and economic complexities of the property sector.I started my career in this area through a [...]
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